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Interval training describes an intermittent style of exercise in which repeated bouts of relatively intense effort are interspersed with short recovery periods. The basic premise is simple, but responses depend on many variables, including the intensity, duration, and frequency of work bouts, and overall training volume. An ~80-to-20 ratio of low- to-moderate-intensity and high-intensity/interval training is commonly recommended to optimize performance in already well-trained athletes who compete in events that require a high rate of aerobic energy provision. The optimal interval training strategy to enhance performance in highly trained athletes is unknown and likely depends on individual characteristics and the demands of the sport or event. There is debate over the best method to structure the portion of training time spent at high intensity including whether a polarized, pyramidal, or threshold approach to intensity distribution is optimal to enhance endurance performance. A key focus of interval training for health has been on maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), a direct measure of the clinical correlate cardiorespiratory fitness, which is a strong predictor of mortality and risk for many chronic diseases. Recent research has shown the potential for simple, practical, and relatively time-efficient applications of interval training to increase VO2max and other health-related markers. This includes include “exercise snacks” or short (≤1 min) bouts performed periodically throughout the day, and “vigorous intermittent lifestyle physical activity”, which refers to short bursts of vigorous effort embedded incidentally or secondary to regular activities of daily living.
Course Objectives
Course
Credits
Course Expiration
ACSM
1
01/16/2028
BOC
1
01/16/2028
Commission on Dietetic Registration
1
01/09/2028
CSCCa
1
01/16/2028
Athlete monitoring can be used to gauge and elevate players’ responses to training to help the maintenance of maximal performance and minimize injury and/or illness risk. There are many tools for both internal and external load monitoring, however little research has been performed within the context of American football. Given that American football is a team sport made up of different positions requiring unique skillsets and game demands, the individualization of monitoring tools and/or techniques is critical. Data analysis and interpretation needs context, both in terms of training phase (e.g., preseason vs. in-season) and in determining meaningful changes in selected monitoring tools. The authors review different parameters associated with external and internal load assessments in football and tools on how to monitor the player’s recovery with the aim of optimizing both their health and performance.
Course Objectives
Course
Credits
Course Expiration
ACSM
1
11/27/2027
BOC
1
11/27/2027
Commission on Dietetic Registration
1.25
12/03/2027
CSCCa
1
11/27/2027
In all sports, skill is used as an umbrella term that includes not only physical performance of a particular skill but also the complex interaction of cognitive and technical ability to respond to the multitude of scenarios that occur in every match. However, when competing in team sports participants experience, to different degrees, physical and mental fatigue that has a negative impact on the performance of sports specific skills. As nutrition counter measure, the ingestion of appropriate quantities of carbohydrate, at appropriate times, has been shown to maintain or benefit aspects of skill performance. The mechanisms underpinning this preservation of skill with carbohydrate feedings involve a complex series of events between brain and skeletal muscle that interact to minimize the impact of physical and mental fatigue. Although these questions are specific to soccer research, many of the principles are directly transferable to other “stop-and-go” team sports.
Course Objectives
Course
Credits
Course Expiration
ACSM
1
12/19/2026
BOC
1
12/19/2026
CSCCa
1
12/19/2026
The application of sound nutritional guidance is necessary to support female soccer player health and performance. Based on findings in elite female soccer players, there is scope to improve nutritional practices relative to energy intake, fueling, hydration, and supplement use. Drs. Samantha Moss and Rebecca Randell discuss the energy and nutrient needs of female soccer players and areas where additional high-quality research that includes elite female players as participants is necessary.
Course Objectives
Course
Credits
Course Expiration
ACSM
1
04/04/2026
BOC
1
04/04/2026
CSCCa
1
04/04/2026
